Anterior Mediastinal Mass -- Is it Thymoma?

Irving Dardick
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology
University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

History:
A 55-year-old woman was discovered to have an anterior mediastinal mass and had a fine-needle aspiration biopsy as the initial phase of her investigation.

Light microscopy:
The smear (Fig. 1) and cell block (Fig. 2) preparations were largely composed of small, normal-appearing lymphocytes with the occasional larger cell scattered among the lymphocytes. The nuclei of what seemed to be epithelial cells generally had dispersed heterochromatin and rather inconspicuous nucleoli. Antibodies to cytokeratins were all negative raising doubts about the diagnosis of thymoma.
Figure 1. Smear preparation of FNAB with many lymphocytes and the occasional larger epithelioid appearing tumor cells, some of which are also evident in the clump of tumor cells on the right. Figure 2. Cell block preparation of FNAB. Many normal appearing lymphocytes with larger cells scattered in between.

As a concurrent part of the diagnostic investigation, electron microscopy was done on samples of glutaraldhyde-fixed tissue obtained from the needle rinse following preparation of the smears and cell block.


Electron Microscopy